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Gynecomastia is the medical term for the enlargement of breast tissue in males, derived from the Greek words gynaik (woman) and mastos (breast), meaning “female-like breasts.” It is a common condition that affects men of all ages and often causes physical discomfort, social embarrassment, and emotional distress.
Unlike pseudogynecomastia (also known as lipomastia), which is caused by fat accumulation in obese individuals, true gynecomastia results from the overdevelopment of glandular breast tissue, sometimes accompanied by fat. It must also be distinguished from muscular hypertrophy seen in bodybuilders, which gives the chest a bulkier but firm appearance.
What causes gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is typically caused by an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone. When estrogen levels rise or testosterone levels drop, it can lead to the development of breast tissue in men.
What leads to this hormonal imbalance?
Possible triggers include:
Puberty (temporary hormonal changes)
Aging
Certain medications (for ulcers, heart disease, psychiatric conditions, steroids)
Chronic medical conditions (liver, kidney, or thyroid disorders)
Substance use (alcohol, anabolic steroids, marijuana)
How is Gynecomastia Surgery Performed?
Male breast reduction surgery is a safe, effective, and permanent solution for gynecomastia. The procedure is tailored based on the severity and composition of breast tissue.
- LiposuctionUsed when excess fat is the primary cause Small incisions are made, and a thin cannula is used to remove fat via suction Results in minimal scarring and quick recovery
- Excision of Glandular TissueRequired when dense glandular tissue is present beneath the nipple An incision is made along the lower half of the areola to excise glandular tissue Sometimes combined with liposuction for optimal results
- Skin TighteningIn cases of significant sagging or stretched skin, skin excision may be performed This helps contour the chest and restore a flat, firm appearance
- Can medications cause gynecomastiaYes. Long-term use of certain medications can interfere with hormone balance and stimulate breast tissue growth. Inform Dr. Richie Gupta about any medications you’ve been taking for an accurate assessment.
- Can gynecomastia go away on its ownIn adolescents, mild gynecomastia may resolve without treatment within 6 months to 2 years. However, if the condition persists or causes emotional/physical discomfort, surgical correction is often the best solution.
- What should I do if I have male breast enlargementBegin by consulting a qualified plastic surgeon like Dr. Richie Gupta, who will assess the condition, rule out any underlying medical causes, and recommend the best treatment plan—medical or surgical.